Machine Learning With programs such as UNIX sed and implementations of XSLT, the analysis or transformation is defined by a fixed specification, such as a sed script or transformation template, which is interpreted by an application-agnostic program. In an ML system, the definition of the analysis or transformation is modified in the light of results; the system learns what it has to do. ML is a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that can be used for data analysis and transformation. A particular form of data analysis that is relevant to data integration is the analysis of human-readable content. This is a branch of Natural Language Processing (NLP). It includes Sentiment Analysis, which assesses whether a piece of human-readable content is positively or negatively disposed towards a product or proposition. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 4232 is the sub-committee of the joint technical committee of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) responsible for standardization in the area of AI. Its work program includes: • AI framework, concepts, terminology, and computational approaches • Quality model for AI-based systems • Robustness of neural networks • Analytics using AI and big data • Functional safety, risk management, ethical and societal concerns, bias, and governance • Use-cases